Congressional Earmarks

In fiscal year 2008, there were 11,524 earmarks totaling $16,501,833,000 for appropriations accounts. A Congressional earmark is a provision that directs funds to be spent on specific projects. Congressional earmarks should be banned and the unused money should be returned to the citizens. The largest Disadvantage of congressional earmarks that I can see is the amount of money they use. An earmark on an Alaskan highway bill was for a bridge, that took money from hurricane reconstruction. This bridge would have cost $320 million. As federal taxpayers would you like to pay $320 million, by way of three separate earmarks? These three earmarks where added to the highway bill in 2005. These earmarks managed to take almost $223 million from a reconstruction project for a bridge in Louisiana. According to the 2010 copy of the Congressional Pig Book , it showed almost 9,200 earmarks totaling $16. 5 billion dollars. Even though that is a 10. % decline from 2009, the fact that we are trillions of dollars in debt and we are using the money to fund projects like the Monroe County Farmer’s Market in Kentucky and The second largest disadvantage that I can see from the use of earmarks is the humiliation and disgrace they can bring. The bridge above that is mentioned took money for hurricane reconstruction. This project is a humiliation to the people of Alaska and the U. S. Congress some people say. Some people view the bridge as an object of national ridicule and a symbol of the fiscal irresponsibility of many in Congress toward the money entrusted to them by the taxpayers. In response to this national humiliation, many in Alaska have vented their anger in the state's newspapers, and the papers' editors have also objected to the bridge on their editorial pages. According to http://www. heritage. org â€Å"David Raskin of Homer, Alaska, wrote, â€Å"Alaskans owe an apology to the people of New Orleans, to Alaska Native people and to the Nation for their selfish shortsightedness in sending these scoundrels to Washington and voting to keep them there. â€Å"†

On Leadership Essay

Leadership could very much be likened to a driver of an automobile. Without it, the stationary vehicle may warrant some amount of value, yet it doesn’t live up fully to what it is worth. Without anyone to man its steering wheel, it would end up unmoving, stagnant, and eventually wasting opportunities to travel vast lands and reach great summits. Without someone to operate the car, there will be no one to lend his sense of direction. Without this someone, there will be no destination, much less any means to arrive to it. Without this someone, the car would ultimately miss the chance to possess an attribute which is very crucial to attain any accomplishment: the attribute of being DRIVEN. Likewise, being driven is essential to attaining success in the real world, which is why I deem leadership a significant part of life. In a world where tough competition is present almost everywhere, it isn’t enough anymore to merely possess knowledge or skills. So that success could be attained, there is a need to manage these raw gifts effectively and turn them into something more. And leadership makes that possible. I believe that leadership is built on the foundations of vision, drive and direction. Coupled with hard work and dedication, it enables people to maximize whatever resources they have, and allows them to achieve whatever goals they set upon themselves. Because for a group to function efficiently and idyllically, it must have a clear sense of what it aspires, where it wants to go, and how it is going to make it all happen. However, leadership should not only concern the what, the where, and the how. It is equally important that significant consideration be given to the why. Doing so is what I call responsible leadership. I believe that the ideal leader doesn’t only empower his followers; he empowers the society as a whole. It is something which separates a leader from a manager: a manager simply does things right, and a leader, aside from doing this, also makes it a point that he does the right things. All these years I have kept faith in the power of aggressive yet responsible leadership: leadership which inspires trust amid difficulties, which upholds long-term thinking while conquering immediate challenges at the same time. I always make it a point that I myself embody my own ideals of being a leader who could challenge the status quo and be a steward of progress and development. Indeed a great number of people have attempted to encapsulate the term leadership. But through these attempts do we discern that there are a myriad of meanings that could be associated with the word. Although I do agree with a number of the descriptions given, I sum it all up to one idea: that leadership is the one powerful requisite that could bridge the gap between your present location and your target destination, between your situation and your ambition, between where you are now†¦ and where you want to be.

Belbin’s Theory Essay

When a team is performing at its best, usually each team member has clear responsibilities . Belbin suggests that, by understanding the role within a particular team, people can develop strengths and manage weaknesses as a team member. Belbin’s 1981 book Management Teams presented conclusions from his work studying how members of teams interacted during business games run at Henley Management College. Amongst his key conclusions was the proposition that an effective team has members that cover eight (later nine) key roles in managing the team and how it carries out its work. He categorized those roles into three groups: Action Oriented, People Oriented, and Thought Oriented. Each team role is associated with typical behavioural and interpersonal strengths. Belbin also defined characteristic weaknesses that tend to accompany each team role. He called the characteristic weaknesses of team-roles the ‘allowable’ weaknesses; as for any behavioural weakness, these are a reas to be aware of and potentially improve. Belbin suggested that, in order for a team to operate effectively, it needed a balance of nine different roles. Plant: Plants are creative, unorthodox and generators of ideas. If an innovative solution to a problem is needed, a Plant is a good person to ask. A good Plant will be bright and free-thinking. Plants can tend to ignore incidentals and refrain from getting bogged down in detail. The Plant bears a strong resemblance to the popular caricature of the absent-minded professor/inventor, and often has a hard time communicating ideas to others. Multiple Plants in a team can lead to misunderstandings, as many ideas are generated without sufficient discernment or the impetus to follow the ideas through to action. Resource Investigator: The Resource Investigator gives a team a rush of enthusiasm at the start of the project by vigorously pursuing contacts and opportunities. He or she is focused outside the team, and has a finger firmly on the pulse of the outside world. Where a Plant c reates new ideas, a Resource Investigator will quite happily appropriate them from other companies or people. A good Resource Investigator is a maker of possibilities and an excellent networker, but has a tendency to lose momentum towards the end of a project and to forget small details. Chairman (1981) / Co-ordinator (1988): The â€Å"Chairman/Co-ordinator† ensures that all members  of the team are able to contribute to discussions and decisions of the team. Their concern is for fairness and equity among team members. Those who want to make decisions quickly, or unilaterally, may feel frustrated by their insistence on consulting with all members, but this can often improve the quality of decisions made by the team. Clarifies goals; helps allocate roles, responsibilities, and duties; articulates group conclusions Shaper: A dynamic team-member who loves a challenge and thrives on pressure. This member possesses the drive and courage required to overcome obstacles. Seeks patterns in group work; pushes group toward agreement and decisions; challenges others Monitor-Evaluator: A sober, strategic and discerning member, who tries to see all options and judge accurately. This member contributes a measured and dispassionate analysis and, through objectivity, stops the team committing itself to a misguided task. Analyzes problems and complex issues; monitors progress and prevents mistakes; assesses the contributions of others; sees all options; judges accurately Team Worker: The â€Å"Team Worker† is concerned to ensure that interpersonal relationships within the team are maintained. They are sensitive to atmospheres and may be the first to approach another team member who feels slighted, excluded or otherwise attacked but has not expressed their discomfort. The Team Worker’s concern with people factors can frustrate those who are keen to move quickly, but their skills ensure long-term cohesion within the team. Gives personal support and help to others; socially oriented and sensitive to others; resolves conflicts; calms the waters; serves as an in-group diplomat Company Worker (1981) / Implementer (1988): The â€Å"Implementer† is the practical thinker who can create systems and processes that will produce what the team wants. Taking a problem and working out how it can be practically addressed is their strength. Being strongly rooted in the real world, they may frustrate other team members by their perceived lack of enthusiasm for inspiring visions and radical thinking, but their ability to turn those radical ideas into workable solutions is important. Completer Finisher: The â€Å"Completer Finisher† is the detail person within the team. They have a great eye for spotting flaws and gaps and for knowing exactly where the team is in relation to its schedule. Team members who have less preference for detail work may be frustrated by their analytical and meticulous approach, but the work of the Completer Finisher ensures the  quality and timeliness of the output of the team. Emphasizes the need for meeting schedules, deadlines, and completing tasks; searches out errors Specialist (1988): Belbin later added a ninth role, the â€Å"Specialist†, who brings ‘specialist’ knowledge to the team. Single-minded, self-starting, dedicated; provides unique or rare expertise and skills Specialists are passionate about learning in their own particular field. As a result, they are likely to be a fountain of knowledge and will enjoy imparting this knowledge to others. They also strive to improve and build upon their expertise. If there is anything they do not know the answer to, they will happily go and find out. Specialists bring a high level of concentration, ability, and skill in their discipline to the team, but can only contribute on that specialism and will tend to be uninterested in anything which lies outside its narrow confines. Note that Belbin was not arguing that every team has to have a minimum of nine members. Individuals within the team may take on more than one role each. As long as all the roles are filled, the team will be more likely to be effective.

Scanning Electron Microscopy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Scanning Electron Microscopy - Coursework Example Secondary Electron images (SE) Vs. Backscattered Electron images (BSE)Secondary electron images are formed from the low energy electrons that are formed near the surface of the sample (Johnson). The brightness is affected by the surface topology of the specimen. For backscattered electron images, higher energy electrons formed deeper in the material are used to form the image. The result of these images is less contrast due to surface topology and more contrast due to different chemical composition (Johnson). This explains the 3D nature of the SE image in comparison to the flat BSE image, and the higher contrast of the BSE image in comparison to the SE image.Secondary electrons have lower energy compared to backscattered electrons, and so, they interact with the outer regions of the specimen by inelastic collisions. Therefore, only the surface topology of the specimen is clearly defined. This is the reason why the fibers in the SE looked clumped.The contrast in the BSE image is becau se of the production of backscatter electrons produced due to collisions of high energy electrons of the specimen. Parts of the specimen with higher atomic number cause higher backscatter than the lighter atomic number elements, resulting in a greater contrast, enabling a better study of the chemical composition of the specimen.The greater edge highlight in the SE image is because raised surfaces yield more secondary electrons.... The greater edge highlight in the SE image is because raised surfaces yield more secondary electrons. Images of a tilted TEM grid are provided showing a large difference in depth of field (file names DOF 1, 2, 3). 3 Calculate the depth of field from the images provided. Explain how you arrived at your answer. Compare SEM figures with the depth of field that would be available from an optical microscope for the same magnification. Large depth of field is one of the most important characteristics of SEM. The sharpness of the images recorded at low magnifications depends more on depth of field available than on small beam size (Lyman 1990). We know that depth of field, Where, d = minimum resolution of SEM W = Working distance D = aperture size Accordingly, the depth of field from the given images is computed as follows: Taking the following assumptions, d = minimum resolution of SEM= 3.5 nm = 3.5 ?10-9 m W = Working distance = as given in image in mm ?10-3 m D = aperture size= 200?m = 2 00?10-6 m Depth of field for first image with WD=13.0 mm= 13.0?10-3 m = 0.455?10-6 m = 4.55?10-7 m Depth of field for second image with WD=14.3 mm= 14.3?10-3 m =0.5005?10-6 m = 5?10-7 m Depth of field for second image with WD=44.3 mm= 44.3?10-3 m =1.55?10-6 m Comparison of SEM figures with the depth of field that would be available from an optical microscope for the same magnification The depth of field of SEM can be as great as 300 times that of the optical microscope. At low magnifications, below 300 to 400X, the image formed by the SEM is inferior to that of the optical microscope (Abbaschian et al 2008). At the same magnification, the depth of field that would be

Consistency in Building and Fire Plan Review Essay

Consistency in Building and Fire Plan Review - Essay Example S. D E D I C A T I O N This simple work is humbly dedicated to my loving wife Tami, and my inspiration Ronnie and Emily Salvaggio. R. S. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ----------------------------------------------------------------- 3 DEDICATION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 LIST OF TABLES Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION ---------------------------------------------------------------- 9Statement of the Problem ---------------------------------------------------- 10 Significance of the Study --------------------------------------------------- 10 Theoretical Framework of the Study ------------------------------------- 11 Hypotheses ------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 Scope and Delimitation of the Study ------------------------------------- 12 DEFINITION OF TERMS ------------------------------------------------- 12 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ----------------------------------- 13 RELATED LITERATURE ------------------------------------------------ 13 3. METHODOLOGY ------------------------------------------------------------- 17 The Research Method ------------------------------------------------------ 17 The Study Area... The researcher's friends: Chesterfield County Virginia Commercial plan review Division; Jeff Ughi, City of Cherryville, NC; Bonnie S. Terra, Fire Marshal, Alameda County Fire Department, Vandergriff, Mike Ashley, and Gary who in their simple ways contributed to the completion of this work; and Above all, the researcher's supportive children, Ronnie and Emily who have sacrificed by giving him the inspiration and encouragement to pursue higher goals in his career, and his loving wife Tami, who was always there to sustain him all the way, from the achievement of his college degree to the completion of this manuscript as a firefighter. To determine the need for the development of a unified plan review check list is the interest of this study. This will be used by new fire plan inspectors of Collier County Fire Code Official's Office. The consistent chart will largely increase the reduction of multiple rejections. It will also facilitate the issuance of permits for building occupancy. Plus, this will ensure accuracy of gathered information. An identical evaluation measure would resolve inconsistencies resulting from the increasing number of evaluators.

Memogate - Fact, Fiction and Political Lies Essay

Memogate - Fact, Fiction and Political Lies - Essay Example Analogous to Vietnam, the American troops and their allies dug into the urban areas using fortified structures that were seen as impenetrable for organized Taliban and Al-Qaeda troops. This had one major impact – conventional warfare was not possible in Afghanistan anymore as the Taliban and Al-Qaeda could not mount infantry or artillery attacks. Given the limited choices to act, the Taliban and Al-Qaeda turned over to guerilla tactics with special emphasis being placed on suicide bombing runs inside US bases in Afghanistan. Rising causalities inside the US bases as well as on roads throughout Afghanistan forced the US to act once more. In order to deal with the challenges at hand, the military’s top brass and the hawks in Washington decided to escalate troop levels in order to pursue a policy of â€Å"boots on the ground†. The rising troop levels and the enhanced military activity on ground meant that the Taliban and Al-Qaeda needed new places to hide. This was an obvious response from the Taliban and Al-Qaeda as they needed bases to train troops, plan and execute operations, plan for longer term strategies and the like. However, space in Afghanistan was running out for both the Taliban and Al-Qaeda who were on the run given escalated military activity. As a response to this, the Taliban and Al-Qaeda moved over into neighboring Pakistan’s tribal belt. ... The closely knitted extended family structure in the region which sponsored tribalism was also able to help the Taliban and Al-Qaeda in finding shelter. Even though it was obvious where the enemy was stationed, the US troops and their allies could not operate inside Pakistan as they had in Afghanistan. The sanctity of an international border was far too great to be desecrated along with the sensitivities of the Pakistani side. The US was quick to bring in drones to attack targets inside Pakistani territory but this had only limited effect as the results of surgical strikes are incomparable to the results of entire infantry and artillery movements. Consequently the Pakistani military and intelligence agencies were brought in to deal with the situation in the border tribal regions. The US and its allies expected compliance with their goals but the Pakistani intelligence structure had its own objectives lurking under the guise of cooperation. Continuous failure on the part of the Pakist ani military brass led the US and its allies to limit information sharing. As relations became more and more strained, the cooperation between the US and Pakistan came to an all-time low (Kronstadt). The military regime of Musharraf was replaced in time by a democratic government in 2007 that was looking for protection from the US from the very start. As the democratic government leaned towards the US and its objectives, results began to arrive. The Osama bin Laden raid in Abbottabad helped to effectively end the threat for once and for all. However such cooperation by the democratic government put it in direct opposition of the Pakistani military and intelligence agencies. Soon a new controversy in the form of the Memogate

Article Resposne Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Article Resposne - Essay Example At the beginning, such people are in denial of cultural difference hence believed that their own culture is the only real one. The second stage is defense, at people at this stage have some knowledge to understand cultural difference and hence see it to be real. Finally, the last stage is minimization in which an individual begins to realize certain elements in his/her culture are universal. People at this stage see similarities. The next level is ethnorelative where a person experiences his/her culture recognizing other cultures as well. Here, there are also three stages of development. The first is acceptance, and this refers to the ability of an individual to understand and appreciate differences in culture. Such people are able to make cultural contrasts. The second stage is adaptation, and people at this stage develop habits and behaviors that are appropriate to that other culture. They not only recognize alternative cultural experiences but develop behavior that is line with th e other culture. The final stage is integration, and this is a state in which a person’s understanding of self includes his/her movement in and out of other cultures. Therefore, their identities generally lie between multiple cultures or world views. Based on this article, I believe I am at the minimization stage under the ethnocentric development. For the time I have been in London, there are two major elements/practices in this culture common to my American culture. First, there is a similarity in religious beliefs and practices. In my culture, the dominant religion is Christianity, and many believe in God and Jesus Christ. This is also the case here in London, and this is illustrated by the many churches around. Secondly, in America, education is one of the pillars of our society. Similarly, this appears to be the case here. There are similarities when it comes

Insuring Green Buildings Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Insuring Green Buildings - Research Paper Example In most occasions, it is easy for the insurance companies to accept, underwrite and process the loss handling for the homeowner by automating or simplifying the damage. The focus here is usually to get the sum insured and process the policies effectively (Yudelson, 2006). Most the time those selling the homeowner policies, they insurer do not necessarily look at the different building material for construction in the building, the construction classes or the ecological standard of the building. This is because, in case of a loss or damage, there may occur a dispute between the insured and the insurer regarding the extent in which the damage must be indemnified (Glavinich, 2008). If there is a need for more specification concerning the building construction, the insurance company sends their agents to ask more specifications of the construction process. Although the insurance companies have their agents who researches on the construction process, the agents are advised not verify certain details which may lead the insured to decline the policy and sign the policy with other competitors that ask few questions. Up to now, no study has provided statistical evidence supporting the stance that â€Å"green buildings† have a higher probability and severity of losses. Perhaps the effort to analyze green buildings in detail is not yet justified, given the actual number of owners of green buildings; however, the green buildings are more risky and carry higher claim expectancy (Glavinich, 2008). Residential building insurance mainly provides insurance cover for losses arising from fire, supply water and storm/hail events. Loss experiences, and consequently exposure evaluation and rating of homeowner risks are based on conventionally built houses, concrete, brick, steel and wood (Spiegel & Meadows, 2012). For example, in houses with thatched reed roofs, the probability of a

The Role of Japan of World War ll Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Role of Japan of World War ll - Essay Example Japan started a war with China in 1937. In an effort to end the war of Japan against China, President Roosevelt shut off American trade with the Japanese, which made Japan more aggressive than before. The Japanese increasingly continued to look for strategic resources and raw materials southwards. However, the United States stood firmly, in Japan’s path. The United States pacific fleet at the Pearl Harbor was the only threat force with the capacity of challenging the Japan’s navy (Black, 2003). The American bases located at the Philippines also threatened the contact lines linking the East Indies and Japan islands. Every oil tanker heading to Japan had to pass through American-held Luzon. From these constraints, the Japanese war plans emerged. In analyzing this assignment, the assignment will discuss the role played by Japan in World War II. Based on this, background information on Japan that triggered the World War II will be discussed. In addition, the outcome of the war will also be discussed. Japan stood ready to overcome the whole South Asian Peninsula and the Dutch Indies, which was rich in oil. This planned conquer was as a result of Japanese lacking raw materials for its growing industries (Williams, 2005). The desire to conquer the Dutch Indies and the South Asian Peninsula angered the United States and an embargo developed between Japan and the United States. Negotiations targeted at ending the differences between the two countries failed since the countries were at odds with each other. The United States used force to make Japan withdraw from war against China and renounce alliance with Italy and Germany in 1940 (Williams, 2005). The Japanese were against the move by the United States; Japan was secretly planning an attack on the Philippines, Hawaii, and Guam. In 1941, the Japanese attacked the Pearl Harbor, which was viewed as a desperate action by Japan to escape from an earlier choice imposed by the United States.

Deinstitutionalizing the Mentally lll, Blessing or Curse Essay Example for Free

Deinstitutionalizing the Mentally lll, Blessing or Curse Essay The deinstitutionalization of the mentally ill was originally and idealistically portrayed as a liberating, humane policy alternative to the restrictive care in large state supported hospitals. It was supposed to help these individuals regain freedom and empower themselves through responsible choices and actions. Due to many funding issues, stiff opposition from communities, and ill-equipped patients, who are unable to live independently, this idealized program, has not always been a blessing for the communities or the patients. In the early 1960s, President John F. Kennedy signed into law a bill that began the movement known as deinstitutionalization. The purpose of the new law was to put an end to the tendency to warehouse people with mental illnesses, as well as those with developmental disabilities, including the mentally and physically handicapped. The idea was to move the less severely mentally ill from those large institutions into the community, where local treatment centers would be established to provide them with medical, psychiatric, and social support they need to be able to live and function. see more:smartphones boon or bane Some believe that deinstitutionalization has been and continues to be successful. Perhaps one of the brightest spots of the effects of deinstitutionalization is that the mentally ill have gained a greatly increased measure of liberty (Curtis, 2008). Some persons, despite their illnesses, have realized a certain degree of normalization in their daily activities. Some live independently, and some are productively employed, achievements that were relatively rare in the days before deinstitutionalization. For these people, deinstitutionalization must be regarded as a positive development (Warner, 1995). Deinstitutionalization, which has now become a synonym for neglect, was supposed to be about creating a new system of services and supports that would allow people with mental illness and mental retardation to thrive in their communities outside of hospital settings during all of the times when they did not need hospital services (Sheth, 2009). An estimated 4. 5 million Americans today suffer from the severest forms of brain disorder, schizophrenia and manic-depressive illness and out of 4. million 1. 8 million, or 40 percent are not receiving any treatment on any given day, resulting in homelessness, incarceration, and violence; one of the reasons for this condition is a failure of the deinstitutionalization policy (Fact Sheet, Treatment Advocacy Centre).? The U. S. Department of Justice estimates that over a quarter of a million mentally ill individuals are currently incarcerated in the U. S. state and federal prison system constituting between eight and 17 percent of the entire prison population (Martin, 2011). The deinstitutionalization policy, which has been improperly implemented, is acting like a misguided missile, causing the helpless and defenseless inmates of the mental hospitals to beg and roam on roads and footpaths; to take refuge in shelter homes and beggar’s homes; to starve on streets and eat from garbage bins; they are jeered in society and physically, verbally and sexually assaulted in alleys; they languish in jails and suffers in prisons; They shiver in cold and simmer in heat; they sleep on a bed of earth with a blanket of sky. We have shifted problems of mental hospitals to the streets, jails and shelter homes. While making backyards of our mental hospitals beautiful, we have made our streets ugly. The process of deinstitutionalization has turned deadly. There seems to be some truth in a saying that deinstitutionalization caused people to die with their rights on (Sheth, 2009). The deinstitutionalization movement of the mentally ill had a noble aim, but failed to achieve it. The solution is complicated but it is not however, unattainable. Train the police officers and emergency responders on how to identify the mentally ill patients and direct them into available treatment facilities. The government can also fund jail and prison programs that screen, evaluate and treat mentally ill inmates. Establish mental health courts, more mental hospitals with adequate staffing, start more day care centers, and have more adequate affordable housing. These solutions, of course, all require funding from a government with spending that is already out of control and on the brink of bankruptcy. But the truth is, by helping the seriously mentally ill, we help ourselves.

Analysing equality and diversity in social care

Analysing equality and diversity in social care Equality is about creating a fairer society, where everyone can participate and has the opportunity to fulfil their potential (DH, 2004). It is about identifying patterns of experience based on group identity, and the challenging processes that limit individuals potential health and life chances. For example, occupational segregation. Women make up almost 75% of the NHS workforce but are concentrated in the lower-paid occupational areas: nursing, allied health professionals (AHPs), administrative workers and ancillary workers (DH, 2005). People from black and minority ethnic groups comprise 39.1% of hospital medical staff yet they comprise only 22.1% of all hospital medical consultants (DH, 2005). An equalities approach understands that our social identity in terms of gender, race, disability, age, social class, sexuality and religion will impact on our life experiences. Diversity literally means difference. When it is used as a contrast or addition to equality, it is about recognising individual as well as group differences, treating people as individuals, and placing positive value on diversity in the community and in the workforce. Historically, employers and services have ignored certain differences. However, individual and group diversity needs to be considered in order to ensure that everybodys needs and requirements are understood and responded to within employment practice and service design and delivery. One way in which organisations have responded to the issue of diversity in recent years has been the development of flexibility in working practices and services. For example, an employer may allow an employee to work a flexible working pattern to accommodate child care arrangements, or a GP surgery may offer surgeries at the weekends in accommodate those who work full time during the week. These approaches recognise that in order to be inclusive and equal to all, organisations may need to respond differently to individuals/groups. Therefore, a commitment to equality in addition to recognition of diversity means that different can be equal. Learning outcomes Understand concepts of equality, diversity rights in relation to Health and Social Care. Equality and diversity is becoming more important in all aspects of our lives and work for a number of reasons. We live in an increasingly diverse society and need to be able to respond appropriately and sensitively to this diversity. Learners in the healthcare setting will reflect this diversity around gender, race and ethnicity, disability, religion, sexuality, class and age. Your organisation believes that successful implementation of equality and diversity in all aspects of work ensures that colleagues, staff and students are valued, motivated and treated fairly. Every member of society is likely, at some point, to be a recipient of health and social care. The Department of Health can only achieve its aim of better health, care and well-being for all, by building an explicit commitment to equality, diversity and human rights throughout the health and social care system. All public organisations including the Department of Health and public providers and commissioners of health and social care services have a duty to promote equality. Successfully delivering these duties is a core part of the health and social care systems objective to offer services that deliver high quality care for all. To do this, the diversity of the population has to be recognised, in policy development through to service delivery and patient care, acknowledging the diverse experiences, aspirations and needs of staff, patients and service. The Department of Health and local health and social care organisations continue to take proactive steps to address unequal access and outcomes experienced by some sections of the community. DH is working to ensure the principles and practicalities of fairness, equality, diversity and human rights are a central to the work of the Department. In 2007 the UK established a new single equalities body, to bring together the existing equality Commissions dealing with gender, disability, and race and ethnicity into a Commission for Equality and Human Rights. The promotion and enforcement of equality and diversity is one of the three duties of the new body. This paper briefly explores diversity in relation to the theory of gender equality and also examines developments in policy at the EU level, which has provided much of the impetus for change. Our focus is on the policy approach and the tensions that the policy documents reveal about the emphasis on equality and diversity approach, in particular the extent to which attention to gender issues may get lost in the diversity bundle, and the extent to which a focus on the individual may be strengthened over the group. This page lists some of the guidance materials produced by the former equality commissions and guidance produced by external organisations, who have given us permissi on to reproduce their materials on our site. Understanding how discrimination can impact on individuals lives is essential to prevent potential discrimination within in teaching and learning situations and ensure that you are confident in dealing with discrimination issues if and when they arise. While we can face discrimination because of any of these aspects, it is important that we also identify the links between social identities and individuality and/or a state and situation. Bad treatment can be multi-layered and occur because of: Since 1998 the UK has also included human rights within its legal framework. The Human Rights Act applies to all public authorities and bodies performing a public function. The Human Rights Acts places the following responsibility on your organisation. Organisations must promote and protect individuals human rights. This means treating people fairly, with dignity and respect while safeguarding the rights of the wider community. Organisations should apply core human rights values, such as equality, dignity, privacy, respect and involvement, to all organisational service planning and decision making. The Human Rights Act provides a complementary legal framework to the anti-discriminatory framework and the public duties. The legal context As a clinical teacher you will want to ensure that you understand the legal framework regarding equality, and that you can relate this framework to your everyday role. The UK framework has two elements to it: the anti- discriminatory framework (which gives individuals a route to raise complaints of discrimination around employment and service delivery) and the public duties (which place a proactive duty on organisations to address institutional discrimination). The SEN and Disability Act 2001 extended the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 to education with effect from September 2002. This act requires teachers to explore the provision of reasonable adjustments for students who may have disabilities, including learning disabilities, to enable them to participate effectively. Beliefs are the assumptions we make about ourselves, about others in the world and about how we expect things to be. Beliefs are about how we think things really are, what we think is really true and what therefore expect as likely consequences that will follow from our behavior. Since the last comprehensive review in 1974, the Health Belief Model (HBM) has continued to be the focus of considerable theoretical and research attention. This article presents a critical review of 29 HBM-related investigations published during the period 1974-1984, tabulates the findings from 17 studies conducted prior to 1974, and provides a summary of the total 46 HBM studies (18 prospective, 28 retrospective). Twenty-four studies examined preventive-health be haviors (PHB), 19 explored sick-role behaviors (SRB), and three addressed clinic utilization. A significance ratio was constructed which divides the number of positive, statistically- significant findings for an HBM dimension by the total number of studies reporting significance levels for that dimension. Summary results provide substantial empirical support for the HBM, with findings from prospective studies at least as favorable as those obtained from retrospective research. Perceived barriers proved to be the most powerful of the HBM dimensions across the various study designs and behaviors. While both were important overall, perceived sus ceptibility was a stronger contributor to understanding PHB than SRB, while the reverse was true for perceived benefits. Perceived severity produced the lowest overall significance ratios; however, while only weakly associated with PHB, this dimension was strongly related to SRB. On the basis of the evidence compiled, it is recommended that consideration of HBM dimensions be a part of health education programming. Suggestions are offered for further research. It is important for care workers to promote equality, value diversity and respect the rights of service users. There are various ways of how they can challenge discriminatory issues and practices in health and social care. One of the ways in which care worker can promote equality, value diversity and respect the rights of service users is to always put the patient/service user at the heart of the service provision. This means that the patients individual needs will be met and achieved Human rights are the basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person in the world. Ideas about human rights have evolved over many centuries. But they achieved strong international support following the Holocaust and World War II. To protect future generations from a repeat of these horrors, the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. For the first time, the Universal Declaration set out the fundamental rights and freedoms shared by all human beings. These rights and freedoms based on core principles like dignity, equality and respect inspired a range of international and regional human rights treaties. For example, they formed the basis for the European Convention on Human Rights in 1950. The European Convention protects the human rights of people in countries that belong to the Council of Europe. This includes the United Kingdom. Until recently, people in the United Kingdom had to complain to the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg if they felt their rights under the European Convention had been breached. for example; a personal eating plan to a specific individual. Putting the service user at the centre of the provision generally makes a happier and healthier patient in all areas. Care workers can help achieve this by: * Understanding what it is like to use those services * Involving those who use the services Another example can be quoted as, Rights of one patient will clash with the rights of another A patient has the right to watch TV or listen to the radio, while the patient in the next bed has the right the right to an undisturbed sleep the rights of these two patients clash. By providing earphones could help resolve this. If patients share a room one wants the door propped open and the other one doesnt although this is a clash of rights the rights of the patient who wanted the door closed would outweigh the other as propping open doors is a fire risk Care settings must provide services in such a way that all service users get equal benefit for them. For example a person who does not have English as their first language may require a translator in order to understand the services available and to express a choice about them. One of the most beneficial ways in which a social care setting can challenge anti discriminatory is through staff development and training this may be done formally through supervision sessions or more informally in the course of day to day working. The manager should supervise the work of their staff, offer advice and guidance in difficult situations and help the workers identify training opportunities to improve their practise.  

Global Industrial Issues: Special Economic Zones in India

Global Industrial Issues: Special Economic Zones in India India was one of the first in Asia to recognize the effectiveness of the Export Processing Zone (EPZ). The chief drawbacks of EPZ were multiplicity of controls and clearance, absence of world class infrastructure and instable fiscal regime. The Special Economic Zone Policy (SEZs) was announced in 2000 and it tried to look into the drawbacks of the EPZ policy. SEZs are engine for economic growth supported by quality infrastructure, attractive fiscal package and minimum possible regulations. The main objectives of the policy are: Generation of additional economic activity Promotion of exports of goods and services Promotion of investment from domestic and foreign sources Creation of employment opportunities Development of infrastructure facilities. The SEZ rules provide for Simplified procedures for development, operation and maintenance of the SEZs and for setting up units and conducting business in SEZs Single window clearance for setting up an SEZ Single window clearance for setting up a unit in a SEZ Single window clearance on matters relating to central as well as state Governments Simplified compliance procedures and documentation with an emphasis on self certification. Incentives and Facilities Offered to the SEZs: Duty free import/domestic procurement of goods development, operation and maintenance of SEZ units. 100% income tax exemption an export income for SEZ units for the first 5 years, 50% for the next 5 years thereafter, and 50% of the ploughed back export profit for the next five years. Exemption from minimum alternate tax, central sales tax and service tax. External commercial ______ by SEZ units up to US $ 500 million in a year without any maturity restriction through recognised banning channels. Single window clearance for central and state level approvals. Major Incentives and Facilities available to SEZ developers include: Exemption from customs/excise duties for development of SEZs for authorised operations approved by Board of Approval (BOA) Income tax exemption on export income for a block of 10 years in 15 years Exemption from minimum alternate tax, dividend distributors tax, Central Sales Tax and Service Tax. The SEZs trigger a large flow of foreign and domestic investment, resource utilisation and generate additional economic activity. Newly Industrialising Countries Newly Industrialising Countries (NICs) are those industries whose economics have not yet reached first world status but are more developed than their developing counter parts. The other characteristics of NIC’s is rapid economic growth (usually export oriented), optimal resource utilisation, rapid pace of industrialisation and a pool of labourers. Hongkong, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan rose to global prominence with rapid industrial growth since 1960’s. This was possible with optimal resource utilisation. These countries can be considered as first generation of NIC’s. Organisation of or Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and __ have helped in the development of NIC’s. NIC’s usually benefit from comparatively low labour costs and larger market. Currently the following countries are considered as NIC’s China, India, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand (Asia) South Africa (Africa); Mexico (North America) Brazil (South America) and Turkey (Europe). Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development The organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (DECD) is an international organisation of thirty countries that accept the principles of representative democracy and free market economy. It originated in 1948 as Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) and was reformed into organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development in 1961. The OECD covers all economic, environmental and social issues. It identifies common problems and good practice and coordinates domestic and international policies. The organisation collects data, monitors trends and forecasts economic developments. It also analysis the patterns in trade, environment, agriculture, technology, taxation and other areas the secretariat of OCED looks into entrepreneurship, fax policy, employment, labour, trade, agriculture, financial and enterprise affairs etc. The organisation further looks into the development of nuclear and energy resources. Most of the countries of Europe are part of it – Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, United Kingdom etc. Besides it Japan and South Korea (Asia) and united states of America and Canada are also a member of OCED. G8: The Group of Eight (G8) is an international forum for the governments of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, United Kingdom and United states. The concept of the forum for the world industrialised democracies emerged after the 1973 oil crisis and subsequent global recession. The G8 countries discuss the topics of labour, economic and social development, energy, environment, trade etc. The forum discusses the global issues in an informal manner. New Post W W II trends in Industrial Resource The post world II period observed many changes in the utilisation of resources for industrial development. Some of the following trends were observed: De industrialisation and restructuration as a result of changing industrial policies of linearization and globalisation. The phase of deindustrialisation and restructuration was followed by the renewed programmes and changes in location and structure of plants was observed. The plants were reallocated and many multi functional companies became more functional. The structure of industries shifted from fordism to Neo-fordism post fordism. The lower order industrial regions termed as dusters and complexes came into existence. These phenomena are the phase of rejuvenations in manufacturing systems. These are a result of newer innovations and technologies. Thus, the resource are utilised in a more appropriate manner. The improvements in means of transport and communication has encouraged the process of industrialisation. Further, the rational and planned formulative policy for manufacturing give rise to inter-national companies (MNC’s). The location and reallocation of resources and industries have created decongestion of industries and thus lower order clusters and complexes have come up in existence. These are well equipped with newer technologies. OCED’s , NIC’s, G8, BRICS, SEZ’s have accelerated the process of resource allocation. Thus, the combination of spatial dispersal and global integration has created new centres as Highly concentred command points in the organisation of the world economy Key locations for finance and for specialised service firms Sites of production, including the production of innovation in these leading industries and Markets for the products and innovations produced. High Tech Manufacturing Development Foci: A number of specialised high technology centres (also termed as footloose industries) have developed in the world. These units are largely located nearer to universities and research institutions. Silicon Valley in California near Stanford Unweisily and ‘Boston Route 128’ near Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) are one of the centres which have developed Many IT industries like IBM are engaged in research around here. Subsequently, the research and industry partnership hubs have developed all over the world-many countries of Europe, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, India etc. Foot loose industries are highly flexible and are largely dependent on highly literate young entrepreneurs, with little cash and space. The high tech industries are functionally discrete by nature and look into design, development and fabrication. The re-industrialisation restructures the national and economic landscape and there is a development of three lower order industrial developments. Industrial districts at a comparatively higher spatio functional level Flexible specialisation at international level _____ at local level. Utilisation of resources underwent a transformation with a change in the approach of establishment of industries and subsequently utilisation of resources. Neo-fordism evolved for the continently of fordist, labour process but post fordism stressed complete break. Global Industrialisation Related Problems: Globally, differential development of industries is observed. Thus, differences in utilisation is also observed imbalances are visible in developing and developed regions of the world. Different issues are observed in developed and developing countries. Some industrial products whose demands have been increasing since Industrial Revolution might now experience a decrease in demand. The growth rates are either stagnant or have decreased in the already developed regions which these rates have accelerated in the developing countries. Since mid 1970’s the demand for many consumer goods have established in Developed countries because of the changes observed in population growth rate has become negligible. Besides, world recession, average personnel disposable income, changing technology, increased durability of the products are some of the factors responsible for the decrease in demands for industrial products in mid 1990’s. Although, the demand for goods declined in 1990’s but on the other hand, worldwide capacity has increased because of the following factors: The diffusion of industrial revolution and basic level of technology for commonly demanded items such as textiles, iron and steel, automobile, etc from developed to the less developed world. Increased output capacity by developed nations as a resuet of technological inventions and innovations and change in the structure of resource utilisation. The shifts of hubs of industries. The early concentration (followed by Industrial Revolution) was in UK in 19th century followed by USA, USSR; Germany and Japan. China, Mexico and Indonesia followed the above countries and the industrial production increased. In the 21st century many Asian countries (Newly Industrialising countries), South Africa (BRICS), Taiwan, Singapore and. Industrialisation plays an important role in national economy: Through industrialisation the country sustains itself and provides indigenous goods and products. Thus also helps in improving the economy of the nation. The process of industrialisation helps in promoting the development of essential infrastructure of a region. Thus, the process of industrialisation helps in developing the various pockets of the country. As the process of industrialisation proceeds various under-developed pockets also are benefitted as the diversification of industrialisation becomes more and more strong. The employment opportunities are generated. Thus, helps in improving the economy of the country. The resource exploration is done as per the needs and over exploitation can be avoided. On the other hand, industries can be developed in the resource endowed regions. Industrial Problems in Developed Countries: The largest challenge which the developed countries face is of change in structure of production – from fordism to neo fordism and post fordism, enhanced cost of labour, decline in the market with new market areas developing and procurement of resources. Earlier the industrialised grants of the world relied on international market for their products as well as they procured the resources globally 20th century witnessed the development of industries in many other parts of the world. The competition of markets has led to the grouping of countries. Such as European Common Market (ECM) Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), North American Free Trade Association (NAFTA), Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Etc. These grouping helped in reducing trade barriers and the hubs of industrial regions are adversely affected. The countries which industrialised early, immediately in the post industrial revolution era because of the advancement in innovations and technology procured the raw material from the countries which were devoid of it from late 19th century and beginning of 20th century these countries started developing industries in their own parts. Thus, the already existing industrial hubs suffered from the availability of resources. The early industrialised countries suffered a setback of accelerating cost of labour. This was largely because of the low population availability. This promoted the change in structure of industries. Multinational companies came in instead of integrated industries. The multinational corporations helped in deindustrialisation and reindustrialisation. This helped in the development of new regions and few aheady industrialisation regions suffered a setback. Industrial Problems in Developing Countries: The problems of the developing are largely related to the availability of capital, latest technology, adequate infrastructure and proper management skills. These countries have entered the production late and are still in the infancy stage. Largely the developing countries are in there infancy stage and thus are facing problems of technological advancement and Automations and application of upgraded technology is essential for the increase in the production. The developing countries are not well equipped with trained managers, professionals and other supporting staff. This restricts the optimum utilisation of resources. Lack of basic infrastructure and amenities is another major constraint of the developing countries. Many developing countries are accelerating the process of industrialisation and ignoring the proper controls towards environmental protection which can harm human ecology. Industrial Problems in under developed Countries: Capital scarcity, poor labour asset, lack of latest technology and automation political instability economic recession and under developed infrastructure are some of the problems faced by under developed countries.

Gullivers Travels By Jonathan Swift :: essays research papers

Many authors write books about events, their lives and their environment, and their corrupt government. One satirical author who wrote a novel about living in a corrupt society is Jonathan Swift who wrote Gulliver's Travels. The places the protagonist had visited reflected on the author's English government. The life of the author will be shown similar to this book because of the way he lived. Jonathan Swift was well educated and graduated from Trinity College in Dublin in English literature. He not only had a life in literature but also had a life in politics. This experience helped him write many satirical essays and novels against England and Ireland. His first political job was to work for the remarkable statesman, Sir William Temple from 1689 to 1699. During that time, he also became a minister for the church of England in 1694. After Sir William Temple died in 1669, Swift became a pastor of a small Protestant parish in Laracor, Ireland. He was ordained in 1694. His skill as a writer was greatly appreciated within the church and was well known in Dublin. If one were to divide Swift's career into "periods," the years 1710-14 would naturally fall into the "Middle Period."(Cook, V) In 1710, he became a powerful supporter of the Tory government in England. Through many of Swift's articles and pamphlets in defense, he became one of the most effective public relations men any English administration ever had. The Tories saw how good Swift's literature was and hired him as an editor for their journal, The Examiner. His political power ended when a new government came to power. This was the Whig party. The Tory government and the Whig party were against each other and shared different views like the republicans and democrats in the U.S. The last stage of Swift's life shows him transformed from an English into a Irish favorite, and this almost in spite of himself.(Swift, XIV) He was betrayed and exiled to Ireland by his friends. The unbearable lifestyle he endured while living in Ireland forced him to write his brilliant satirical essay, A Modest Proposal. This essay suggested that the people of Ireland should use their children for a cash crop. In the book Gulliver's Travels, the author reflects his life on the main character to Prove a point, mankind are savages. All that was necessary was that he take on a deliberate persona in the form some self-deceived

Satan :: essays research papers

Apple has two lawsuits pending that involve rumor-tracking Web sites. In Apple Computer v. Doe No. 1, et al. (or Apple v. Does for short), the company is suing up to 25 unnamed individuals for misappropriation of trade secrets—specifically, leaking Apple’s confidential information about an unreleased audio product code-named â€Å"Asteroid† to Think Secret, AppleInsider, and Jason O’Grady’s PowerPage. As part of the discovery process, Apple obtained subpoenas for all three sites for any and all information related to â€Å"Asteroid,† including the identity of all people who leaked the information, or communications that might reveal said identities. None of the sites is a defendant in the Does suit, though Apple has made clear that they could be named as defendants if evidence shows that they knowingly published Apple’s trade secrets (and Think Secret is a defendant in a second lawsuit not related to â€Å"Asteroid†). Both Think Secret and AppleInsider have their own e-mail service, so obtaining information about their e-mail records and messages would require subpoenaing the sites themselves, invoking difficulties about journalist privileges. When Apple learned that PowerPage used an external e-mail provider, the company’s legal team found its path of least resistance. Nfox has gone beyond refusal to contest the subpoena—the ISP refused to promise O’Grady that it would not comply with the subpoena before appeals were exhausted. That’s when the Electronic Frontier Foundation, representing the three sites, went to court seeking a protective order on O’Grady’s behalf to prevent Nfox from turning over the information to Apple. On March 4, lawyers for Apple and for the three subpoenaed sites met in the San Jose courtroom of Superior Court Judge James P. Kleinberg. They were arguing over the sites’ motion for a protective order barring Nfox from honoring Apple’s subpoenas. It was an uphill battle, because one day earlier, Judge Kleinberg tentatively ruled in Apple’s favor. On March 11, the Judge formalized his preliminary decision, denying the motion for the protective order, leaving Nfox free to honor Apple’s subpoenas and turn over all information from O’Grady’s e-mail related to â€Å"Asteroid,† including that which may identify the person who sent it to the sites. In the 13-page ruling, Kleinberg essentially told the three sites (the ones who moved to have the subpoenas quashed, hence their reference as movants in the decision) that their status as journalists does not matter—if they had Pulitzer Prizes, they’d still have to honor the subpoenas. Trade Secrets

Metabical: Case Analysis

Barbara Print, senior director of marketing for SSP, needs to analyze the market radically in order to decide the pricing and packaging strategy and forecast the demand for the product before it is launched. The demand forecast and the pricing and packaging strategies all plays a significant role in determining the long-term success of Metabolic because the drug market Is Intensely competitive and only those products which are marketed with Innovative strategies can survive In the market. Packaging decision is the first thing that needs to be taken care of.Since FDA trials showed that most of the people were able to achieve their weight loss goals by week helve, the drug would be approved as a twelve- week treatment plan. The major issue that Print needs to consider is the number of pills that would be included in each pack. Packing the entire twelve- week supply In one package does sound Like a good plan but SSP should not forget that packaging plan directly ties In with the pricing plan and can have a huge effect on the number of potential customers.Even though the twelve- week supply package will enable the customers to complete the twelve- week cycle without dropping out, it does limit the potential customers to only hose who can afford the entire medication program with one-time pay. Exhibit 1 shows that the highest percentage of obese people is in the lower income bracket. 32. 5% of the obese people earn less than $25000. This shows that most of Meatball's targeted customers earn less than $25000. Considering this fact, It would make sense to conclude that majority of Meatball's customers will not be able to afford the entire twelve-week package.It would be better to divide the package into three parts with each package consisting of 30 pills enough for a month. Customers loud have to buy the pills package three times because Metabolic is a three- month treatment plan and each package would have pills enough for one month. This type of packaging has one m ajor advantage. It would be able to attract more customers. Although Metabolic Is a prescribed drug, It Is still a new drug and consumers would not want to take the risk of paying a large amount and buying the entire twelve-day package when they are not even sure if the drug would actually work for them or not.They would be more interested in buying the product if it is packaged for one month cause they would not be spending a whole lot of money at once and they would not be wasting it if they happen to be allergic to the pills. The only issue with the one-Mont package would De Tanat tenure would a De no guarantee Tanat ten consumers will complete the entire treatment. However, this would not be much of an issue because Meatball's customers are people who desperately want to lose their weight and it is less than likely that they would forget to refill their pills.The next issue that Barbara Print needs to consider is the pricing of Metabolic. The pricing strategy also directly ties in with the demand forecast. Printer's first pricing strategy model was based on Allis's pricing model. This seems to be a reasonable approach considering the fact that All is the closest comparable drug that exists in the market. Print makes an assumption while determining the price of Metabolic using the first pricing model. She assumes that consumers will be ready to pay more for a prescription drugs compared to non-prescription drug.Would the consumers really be willing to pay more Just because it is a prescription drug and even if they do, how much more would they be willing to pay? Generally people trust prescribed drugs rather than non-prescribed ones. So, a higher price for a prescribed drug would be acceptable for them. However, setting the price too high would not be a good idea because exhibit 1 tells us that the buyers of this drug would most likely have lesser income. The price of $75 for a one-month supply of Metabolic seems pretty reasonable compared to Allis's $120 f or 50- day supply. 120 for 50 days means $2. 4 per day and $72 per month. Pricing Metabolic at $75 is absolutely reasonable in that it is Just $3 more than Allele and it has a comparative advantage of being a prescribed drug. Printer's second approach was based on a comparison of other SSP drug margins. Based on this model, Print came up with a price of $125 for a four-week supply. Her last approach focused on how much more over-weight individuals were ready to spend each year on health care. This approach resulted on a price of $1 50 for a four-week supply.A price of $1 50 would only be acceptable for the niche but if SSP wants to market Metabolic to a larger group it would not set its price as high as $150. A price of $75 is too low and a price of $150 is too high. $125 would be the right price for a four-week supply of Metabolic. Barbara Print should then forecast the demand for Metabolic in order to help the company set the sales targets. Demand forecast helps in planning the fi nancial requirements, inventory requirements and man power requirements. In her analysis, Print came up with three different approaches to forecast the demand.In her first approach, demand was forecasted based on the number of overweight individual in he US who were trying to lose weight and who were comfortable using weight-loss drugs. This approach enabled Print to conclude that Metabolic would be able to capture 10% of the consumers in the first year and 30% by the end of year five. Based on this approach, the number of potential users of Metabolic can be estimated. Exhibit 1 shows that 34% of the 209 million people were over-weight in the year 2000 which means 71. 06 million (34% of 209 million) out of the 209 million were over- weight.According to SSP study, only 35% of the 71. 06 million were actively trying to SSE weight and out of the 35% only 15% were comfortable using weight- loss drugs. This means that the 71. 06 million people can be narrowed down to 24. 871 million (35% of 71. 06 million) and eventually to 3. 731 million (15% of 24. 871 million). Print estimated that Metabolic will only be able to reach 0. 373 million consumers which is 10% of 3. 731 million, in its first year of operation. In her second approach, Print use ten result room SSP survey Ana concluded t weight individuals would be Meatball's immediate customers.Again, she made an assumption that Metabolic will only reach 10% of those individuals who were ready to use the product immediately. This gives an estimated number of 0. 853 million potential customers during the first year. Her third approach Just focused on the educated overweight females between the age of 25 and 30. This ideal target market comprised on 4. 3 million people and Print estimated that 30% of the 4. 3 million would be captured by Metabolic. This approach shows that the estimated potential users would be 1. 29 million in the first year.The three approaches show that the umber of Meatball's potential users ranges from 0. 373 million to 1. 29 million. Considering the fact that each individual would be buying 3 packs of Metabolic, the sales estimate for the first year would range from 1. 119 million to 3. 87 million. With a price of $125 for each pack, SSP would be able to earn between $139. 87 million to $483. 75 million in its first year of operation. It is important to come up with a suitable packaging and pricing strategy and the closest estimate of future demand in order to compare the product with the competing products and ensure that it survives in the

Argumentative Essay Essay

Analysis of â€Å"We should cherish our children’s freedom to think† â€Å"We Should Cherish Our Children’s Freedom to Think† is written by Kie Ho and expresses his belief of the education in the US. Throughout the article he argues that the American school system â€Å"is not perfect, but it is a great deal better than any other† (Ho, 2007, p. 114). His arguments are reflected through his thoughts and experiences but are weakened by vague evidence. Ho (2007) states that since public school has provided children with opportunities and direction to fulfill their creativity, the US has developed into a country of innovation. He strongly supports this claim with his own experience and idea. On a (2007)â€Å"excursion to the Laguna Beach Museum of Art, where the work of schoolchildren was on exhibit† (p. 113) Ho got the idea that supports his argument. (2007) When public schools give students opportunities to participate in creative activities, the general public assumes that this freedom to choose is universal. This is not true according to Ho’s different personal sources. (2007) A Polish refugee, a German friend and a Lebanese believe that the American education system is far behind their home countries. Ho’s evidence for his first argument favors his reasoning, but is vague on documenting sources. This weakens his argument a lot and results in less persuasive evidence. He assumes that the idea of people who thinking freedom to choose is a norm without any supporting evidence and that the information from his friends is trustworthy knowledge. Furthermore, Ho (2007) makes a comparison between the imagination of his childhood in Indonesia and his son at school in the US. Ho explains that, (2007)â€Å"When I was 12 in Indonesia, where education followed the Dutch system, I had to memorize the names of all the world’s major cities† (p. 13). While (2007) his son at the same age grew up in California had not much knowledge about world’s major cities but had a better imagination because he took creative geography at the age of 6. Both these examples are good strong arguments and support his belief that the American school system has given children a better imagination by introducing creative thinking in class. But then again his personal sources are weak evidence towards making a conclusion that (2007) imagination helps children to learn because it can help them to visualize what they are learning. This idea is also drawn from his son’s life, but is not supported by any other evidence than what he believes. Additionally he feels like the education system took away an important factor in his learning; the ability to â€Å"experiment freely with ideas† (Ho, 2007, p. 113) and gain confidence. (2007) When looking at the quality of the school one does not include the factor of freedom but only how knowledgeable a student is. Consequently this takes him to the counter part of his story were his son was awarded for using his imagination in an essay at school. The evidence strengthens Ho’s argument of that the school system gives a student freedom to choose and gain more confidence when awarded for trying new ways. When looking at the quality of his sources the argumentative appeal weakens a lot. He draws a conclusion from his own experience and assumes that â€Å"disgruntled American parents forget†¦[that] their children are able to experiment freely with ideas† (Ho, 2007, p. 113). If he would have had a supporting source to this claim, rather than only his own experience the argument would stand much stronger. Ho’s next evidence is based on his statement where he admits (2007)â€Å"that American education does not meet high standards† (p. 113) but only because of how the system is now. If one would make American education meet high standards, students wouldn’t be able to function in the way they do now. This is the weakest point of Ho’s argumentative appeal. The argument in some sort misleading because he is later claiming that â€Å"Our public education certainly is not perfect, but it is a great deal better than any other† (Ho, 2007, p. 114). When combining these two ideas he’s saying that (2007) a school system that does not meet high standards in basic courses is basically still a great deal better than any other because of the creativity and confidence it gives students. Ho wants to keep the school system how it is now and not put any more stress on the students with providing them with a higher quality education. Here again Ho doesn’t cite any of his sources. How can he know that providing students with a higher quality education will make them not function the way they do now. It is no doubt that the American school system is bad, but there is no proof that making it better would â€Å"retard their impulses, [and] frustrate their opportunities for self-expression† (Ho, 2007, p. 113). Overall the argumentative appeal in this argument is weak because of the lack of sources and misleading evidence but leads you in some way towards his overall belief. Finally, Ho argues that (2007) critics of American education do not understand the real purpose of the education. In all studies that are done on education the only measurement that has been left out is freedom. He explains that it’s omitted because people have never had freedom in education and therefor never seen the positive effects. To clarify this he applies this to that the importance of freedom in education â€Å"extends even to children the license to freely speak, write and be creative† (Ho, 2007, p. 114). Here Ho relates the first amendment into to right to freely speak or write. This makes a lot stronger evidence for his argument. But on the other side he still doesn’t cite any of his sources and in particular the last sentence were he writes â€Å"Our public education certainly is not perfect, but is a great deal better than any other† (Ho, 2007, p. 114). These words are very strong and almost make it look like he exaggerates to make his cause clearer. Ho is right in some way of his saying but from the general public viewpoint he is wrong. If Ho look at school as an institution that is supposed to teach students to experiment with ideas and fulfill their creativity he is absolutely right. However this is not the real purpose of school. School is an institution made for students to gain knowledge and not mental skills. Ho has several good arguments for his cause but I think his arguments are not strong enough. The starting argument I would say connects to the topic well, but is not very strong. The reason the US is a country of innovation is not only because of the school system, there is other more important factors that made this happened. Later he draws a conclusion about that children need the American school system the way it is to function. This is a little less good of an argument, he doesn’t cite the evidence anywhere and here a chance he made this up by himself. Continuing on, he claims that increasing the quality of the school will retard student’s impulses. This claim is also vague. There is no evidence of this happening, and he doesn’t say that it has even been tried. At last he finishes of saying that American education is good enough the way it is now. I would say I disagree with him at this point. American education does provide a lot of freedom in education, but this generates a lot lower level of knowledge and therefor goes against what education really is about, to learn as much as possible and get a broader perspective of the world.

Ethical decisions and informed consent Essay

In all counseling programs meant for children and adolescents, it is very important that the parents be involved. The parents would require knowing the results of the psychological analysis, most probably in concern for the well being of their wards. However, in certain cases, the children or the adolescents might not intent the parents to know the details of their case. Like an adult patient, the child patient would want to ensure confidentiality of their case. However, it is also important to know that the child would not be in a position to make a proper decision regarding their treatment. Hence, it is very important to ensure that confidentiality exists to a limited extent in such cases. The counselors would have to protect the adolescent and the teenager regarding the individual case. They have to maintain strict confidentiality and should not inform anybody about the details of their case. However, the counselor would also have to inform the parent, as the parents are in the best position in making a valuable decision about their wards. The child or adolescent may be acting out of immaturity in these cases. It is also important to keep in mind that issues regarding the sexual activity of the child and the interventions required for the treatment of a sexually transmitted disease differs from one state to another. Certain issues such as abuse, neglect, presence of any risk or danger to others, etc, have to be reported to the parents. The counselor should be aware that the parents have rights of the children. Only the relevant information has to be disclosed to the parents so that they can make an informed decision for the welfare of their wards. The information presented should be accurate and comprehensive. In this case the parents would have to be informed if any case of neglect, abuse, harm to the child, etc is present. Treatment of a sexually transmitted disease may have to be reported in case the child may cause the risk of transmitting it to other people. The counselor should also try to determine if any danger is present for the 15-year-old client from any other party. If any such danger were present, the counselor would have to ensure that the child is adequately protected by informing the parents. In all cases, the counselor, to determine the need for informing the parents, should conduct a thorough assessment of the situation.

Arrivals and departures: Essay

Meeting the child’s needs: Helping the child to feel safe and secure and to reassure them that their parent will come back for them. Agreements with parents : Share any dietary requirements , agree to any sleep pattern , parent to be encouraged to develop their own departure routine . The participation of children: Child will know where to hang coat , put belongings and were to go to begin the day. School / pre-school runs: Meeting the child’s needs: Time to talk about the day ahead ,good preparation routine to ensure no rushing Agreements with parents: Take child to agreed school at agreed time The participation of children: Encourage older children to be independent and carry their own belongings and to be organised Meal and snack time: Meeting the child’s needs: Ensuring the child is aware of when to expect snack times, have a basic hygiene routine before snack Agreements with parents: Ensure parents pass on information about meals , when a child needs to eat and what a child should or shouldn’t eat at certain times. With babies , ensure times of feeds are clear. The participation of children: Children must have a clear hygiene routine before eating , They must be clear about where meal and snack times will take place Sleep and rest: Meeting the child’s needs: Children will need a sleep routine to ensure they do not get over tierd Agreements with parents: Ask parents how much sleep their child will need , when their child should sleep and how the child likes to sleep The participation of children: Children should understand that sleep time happens at certain times of the day for example after lunch Play and activities: Meeting the child’s needs: The child knows when play time will be and can predict when they will be doing play or activites Agreements with parents: Any specific activities the parent may require to happen , for example a child to read their reading book when arriving home from school. The participation of children: Children need to to be aware of key times when it is time to stop play or activities , tidy time will be signalled by a certain piece of music or noise for example whistle or bell Off site visit and outdoor activities: Meeting the child’s needs: Ensuring children are safe at all times Agreements with parents: Agreeing with parents where you will go with their child The participation of children: Children must have specific routines for crossing roads , being at toddler groups or playing in the garden to ensure their safety Home and evening activities for school aged children: Meeting the child’s needs: Many children are tierd and hungry at the end of a school day so a routine is needed to help let the child rest and eat before any activity Agreements with parents: Parents need to inform childminder of any homework they would like the child to do whilst at the setting , for example reading books learning words The participation of children: Children will have a frim routine of collection from school , snacks , quiet time and homework Adapting routines Good routines help children to know and expect and understand what will come next, even young babies can fit into day to day routines. It is important to adapt routines to suit all of the children in a setting. An arrival routine can be adaped for a baby, toddler and school child . A parent and child will arrive at the setting they can then choose an activity thats set out in the morning , for example lego for a school age child, a farm for a toddler and noisey toys for baby. Once child settled the parent and childminder can share information needed to know and then the childminder takes over care sharing play with the child. During snack all children and babies can sit together at the table and drink , babies will need highchairs and the correct cups etc for their age . This will encourage a social time for all of the children. sleep routines can be adapted to suit all the individual needs, some children will need milk before bed others may need a story this could be shared and then children encouraged to sleep or this can be adapted for quiet time for older children. Welcoming and valuing Children that arrive into my setting will be welcomed with open arms , they will be made to feel completely at home, there will be familiar objects around to help them settle in. Each child will have their own space to put their coat and belongings. The children and parents will be asked what activities they like and what they like to do so that daily plans can be shaped around all children and their individual interests , this will create a good foundation for them to discover new things together , it will also help each child to feel valued to know that im interested in them and what they like to do . View as multi-pages

Pediatric Asthma Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pediatric Asthma Management - Assignment Example Physical examination will be carried out to check on the general appearance, hydration, respiratory and mental status. Physical examination of the 12 y/o patient will comprise of percussion, inspection, and auscultation. Under inspection, the nurse or health professional will observe the patient’s general color and appearance. There is a possibility of cyanosis during mild exacerbations where the patient’s color may remain pink. In the presence of asthma, an audible wheeze will be felt. For a severe case, the patient may have a barrel chest and manifestation of mildly enlarging work of breathing (Ricci & Kyle, 2009). In auscultation and percussion, an exhaustive examination of the lung fields is performed. The presence of wheezing signify airway obstruction, which can be different in the lung fields. Also, the patient will be checked for the existence of coarseness. Additionally, the adequacy of aeration will be assessed. In the event the airways are severely obstructed, the movement of air becomes poor that the wheezes may not be felt during auscultation. It is worth to note that percussion may produce hyper resonance (Ricci & Kyle, 2009). It is critical to perform some diagnostic tests to determine the severity of asthma. According to ATS Clinical Practice Guidelines, FENO is employed to underpin the diagnosis of asthma. Likewise, FENO utilized to determine eosinophilic airway swelling, direct dose titration of anti-inflammatory drugs, and forecast asthma relapse. Moreover, FENO can be used to assess adherence to anti-inflammatory drugs, predict asthma exacerbation and evaluate the possible reaction to anti-inflammatory medications (Davis, Eber & Koumbourlis, 2015). Another vital test is pulmonary function test that is a peak expiratory flow rate that uses a hand-held peak flow meter. The test will be done to examine initial and post-treatment airway obstruction in the 12 y/o

Classical Realism and Liberal Internationalism Essay

Classical Realism and Liberal Internationalism - Essay Example Taking a look at the recent revolutions and uprising against the sitting governments in Libya, there have been calls for the interventions of foreign military support to the rebels. Proponents of this notion have been calling for the involvement of the United States to support the rebels with their military, as this would spread liberalism and save lives. It would provide an equal ground against the government, which had the disposal of the military in the country to deal with the rebels and seize the revolution. It can be observed that the revolution had an effect of bringing political chaos to both ends, as well as destruction to the nation’s wellbeing for a long period of time. Advocates of both interventions do not seem to fully comprehend the use of force in contributing to political order as in the first place the scenarios happening were created by the absence of a strong state to instil liberal norms, strong government institutions and a sense of nationalism to the cit izens. Libya’s Muammar Gaddafi was ready to kill Libyans; the same people he says love him but have a funny way of showing him as he refers to the rebels wanting him out of power. Humanitarians called for the intervention of the United States military to stop Gaddafi from killing his own people who were revolting against him. The successful overthrowing of his government was followed by elections in July 2012. A General National Congress was voted in and a political coalition widely regarded as the liberal option. accorded power, the National Forces Alliance having won 39 seats over the Justice and Construction party affiliated to a Muslim Brotherhood with 17 seats nationwide. I will rationally argue that classical realists’ works such as Morgenthau and Thucydides remain foundational texts for international relation scholars and are cited more frequently than their counterparts in the disciplines of social sciences. This can be attributed to the fact that international relations are still young in its field and feels the need to justify itself intellectually. It shows the need and resolve to have lucid, defensible readings of text that build reliable bridges between realism and the problems that will be of interests to the scholars in the contemporary world such as those formulating liberal internationalism. I will argue that internationa

Someone who has made a big impact on my life Research Paper

Someone who has made a big impact on my life - Research Paper Example The reason why Steve Jobs inspired me was that he was not a college graduate, yet he was capable of being more innovative than those who had graduated from the same college that he dropped out of. Steve Jobs’ remarkable personality made me wonder what I was capable of doing because I had the opportunity to learn, unlike him. So I started working harder in order to give my best to the courses that I was studying and kept nagging my teachers about the practical approach of everything that we learnt. This helped me learn more about practical stuff along with theory. Moreover, I learnt how important volunteering is because it brings you closer to the people who need help and you learn more about a person’s needs in such situations. Plus, the sense of peace and calm that we get is phenomenal. Steve Jobs was an active volunteer and helped me learn the true spirit of volunteering and made me volunteer at an orphanage for quite some time. Furthermore, Steve Jobs gave me a sense of doing things out of the ordinary just to be the best and different. For example, in a science project when everyone was using thermopile to make their science projects, I used my savings to make a model out of metal and got it welded and painted. This made my project look the most practical and the most innovative. I once read a quote from Steve Jobs which was â€Å"Being the richest man in the cemetery doesn’t matter to me †¦ Going to bed at night saying we’ve done something wonderful†¦ that’s what matters to me†. (Le Grant. R.) Since then I have made it a habit to reconcile what I did throughout the day and each day I make sure I do at least one considerable good deed and a small achievement that can make me say, â€Å"Yes, I did some good today.† Thus, by trying to follow the footsteps of Steve Jobs, I have made a great impact on my life and on others’ around me. I feel that when you follow someone who has made an impact on the world, you become a change maker in your

Female Songwriters Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Female Songwriters Paper - Essay Example While Pit Bull, Rod Stewart, and John Mayer write mostly about the shallow physicality of their relationships with women. Alanis Morisette, for one, is known as the Queen of Angst when it comes to her songs. Her music can best be described as raw and her lyrics, direct to the point but with a softer touch. Take for example her lyrics to the song Perfect (1995) which talks about the sheer physical perfection of the man she is with. She sang; â€Å"If you're flawless, then you'll win my love , Don't forget to win first place , don't forget to keep that smile on your face , be a good boy , try a little harder , you've got to measure up and make me prouder†. The lyrics that Ms. Morisette chose to use has a more subtle way of objectifying men. Her lyrics contain sexual innuendos which are never crass nor blatant. Instead, she offers a sensitive portrayal of how men must work just as hard as women to win a partner's love. For her, love is not all about the physicality of the act but rather what goes on behind it. It is through that compatibility and understanding that a woman becomes truly proud of her man. Male songwriter's also have similarly themed lyrics. However, men have a more direct to the point and mostly sexual stance when composing their songs. Take for example the lyrics in the John Mayer song Your Body is a Wonderland (2001). He sings the following lyrics to his beloved; â€Å" Something 'bout the way the hair falls in your face . I love the shape you take when crawling towards the pillowcase . You tell me where to go and though I might leave to find it I'll never let your head hit the bed without my hand behind it .† The song can almost be seen as the male counterpart of Morisette's lyrics since his song dwells on the perfection of the female body but without the almost poetic description of the sexual connection of the female physique with a â€Å"perfect† love borne out mostly out of lust and desire than compatibility. Both songs speak of the act of the emotions the songwriters are feeling during the act of lovemaking. Yet Morisette is more ambiguous about it, thus causing her listeners to think more about what her lyrics truly mean. While Mayer leaves very little to the imagination as men prefer to be more directly descriptive in their lyrics than women one cannot deny that he does his best to romanticize the act of lovemaking in a way that only men seem to understand. Although the lyrics are poetic, there is no mistaking what the topic of the song is all about. This method of writing lyrics is something that female songwriter's do not normally do because the female lyrics tend to have veiled double meanings attached to them. Both men and women clearly write about their relationship troubles. But men have a lesser emotional investment in the relationship. Thus they see a different solution to the problem than women. This can be heard in the way Pit Bull described the end of his relationship with a girl in h is 2011 hit Hey Baby where he rapped about the freedom that being a single man brings to his life; â€Å" I’m a Dade county, self paid self made millionaire . I used to play around the world, now I’m around the world - gettin paid. Girl problems, no problems , doin anything that won’t solve em . I wanna get witcha mami, now let me see what the lord split

American Architecture in the Gilded Age Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American Architecture in the Gilded Age - Essay Example The researcher of this essay focuses on the discussion of The Gilded Age, that is a term that came to reflect the time of the greatest economic, territorial, industrial, and population expansion in American history. It was Mark Twain who gave us the Gilded Age, a novel that humored this period and most importantly portrayed its people , the time and the structures that can only be measured in the standards of opulence and fast transformations. The researcher states that although there are two sides on this term as it was coined as a satire, the period, which started from 1876, indeed, marked an epoch whose achievements are felt in the great men it has produced and the monuments that would influence what is to be the modern American architecture. Thus, it is not surprising to know that the â€Å"Gilded Age† provided a period of dynamism in the area of American architecture, that is a main focus of this essay. Firstly, the researcher discusses the Chicago World Fair of 1893 or m ore popularly known as the Columbian Exposition, that brought together the brightest minds of the â€Å"Gilded Age† in the field of architecture. Seconsly, the researcher discusses The Central Park, also called as â€Å"the Greensward,† designed by Frederick Law Olmstead and Calvert Vaux and was build in the 19th century. The researcher then concluds that architecture provides us not only an unparalleled insight if we are to study a society, but also an era or history as a whole and a sphere that will shape the history and the public.

Research Methods for Social Epidemiology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research Methods for Social Epidemiology - Essay Example Observational research involves descriptive and analytical studies. First, participant observation (in which the observer is obvious to and involved with the subjects) is less valid than a questionnaire would be for sensitive data. Second, the observer's expectations affect what he or she sees and reports, reducing the validity of the data. Validity is thus diminished when the observer reports seeing either "everything" or "nothing." In its turn, observational epidemiology involves the following types of research: descriptive studies, ecological studies fallacy, cross sectional studies and cohort studies (Oakes and Kaufman 2006). In participant observation, the researcher is a regular participant in the activities being observed; while in non-participant observations, the researcher is not a participant in the ongoing activities being observed. Second, structuring the observation increases validity by focusing the attention of the observers on certain characteristics and events. Third, placing the observation on a scientific foundation by stating a hypothesis up front increases validity by avoiding distortion. Using observation only for studying those epidemiological phenomena that are appropriate to this method (e.g., nonverbal behaviors and social interactions) increases validity (Beaglehole et al 2007). In contrast to observational epidemiology, experimental design involves ra

Article summary The Impact of Corruption on Liquidity, Execution Risk,

Summary The Impact of Corruption on Liquidity, Execution Risk, and Foreign Equity Investments in International Capital Markets - Article Example While the article suggest that the well-functioning of a financial enterprise is only possible with the reliability of sustainable market conditions and crystal clear transparency of transactions. Many authors like Shleifer and Eleswarapu consider financial business confronts several conditions that pose dangerous threat to liquidity; most of them are centered to corruption, government involvement in the financial sector and malpractices due to poor management. This study is an improvement to various findings mentioned in the previous literature of many economists but they were initially limited macroeconomics or firm-level corporate finance studies without consideration of the impact of t the constraints as a relationship with international financial crises. The authors summarize the impact of corruption into three ways; possible reduction in foreign portfolio investment inflow, negative coefficient on the non linear for on equity investment and in some contexts, inconsistent behavior of foreign investment foreign investment in countries with different levels of corruption. The elaboration of the research element is divided by the authors in to six segments like relevant literature, hypothesis, data selection, empirical methodology, empirical results and the conclusion. Earlier literatures notify the significant reduction in market investment as a direct co-efficient to increased level of corruption. State level political corruption is identified as the deed of government of a country misallocating or selling state capital funds and property to private parties. As per the transparency index, for a complete fall in the equity, it was calculated that one-third effect of corruption was enough. Therefore, countries like Hong Kong and Singapore have set up agencies acting against corruption whereby they secured better inflow. However, corruption takes a positive note as it saves the time and